History Sniper

History Sniper

Since the discovery of firearms, snipers have been instrumental in various war history. But the sniper 
action first recorded history performed by the greatest artists of all time named Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519).

He created a very accurate rifle for the future and use them in a war Siege of Florence (1498) to open fire on the officers of the Holy Roman Empire forces were besieging the city of Florence, Italy. It is said that with proper rifle capable of firing up to a distance of 200 meters, the distance is very unusual for that time.

War France - Austria (1796-1797)

When the French troops were very strong under the leadership of General Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Austria, their advance was hampered by the odd sniper unit Austrian armed only with a pellet gun.

The number of casualties and the difficulty of French soldiers to detect the presence of the sniper Austria make Napoleon was furious and issued a formal order that every Austrian soldier who was caught along with airguns, directly executed in place; because they are regarded as a cowardly murderer is not as soldiers.

This is due to not hearing the shotgun blast from a distance of 150 m. Wind sniper rifle is made by a weapons expert named Bartholomew Girandoni Austria and this rifle has magasen containing 20 grains of 13 millimeters caliber lead bullets. Even for today's standards guns, sniper rifles artificial wind the 18th century is still daunting.

American War of Independence (1776-1783)

October 7, 1777 In the war of American independence, General Simon Fraser of the British royal troops shot dead at Bemis Height, New York (Battle of Saratoga) from a distance of 500 yards by a sniper named Tim Murphy of unity Kentucky Riflemen.

Tim Murphy uses locok Kentucky rifle caliber .40 Long Rifle (10 mm). As a result of the death of General Simon Fraser, the advance of British troops stopped which resulted in the defeat of the British at the Battle of Saratoga.

The defeat of British forces at Saratoga this is the beginning of their defeat in the war of American independence.

Naval battle of Trafalgar (1805)

In October 1805 the combined fleets of France and Spain Royal Navy departed leaving the port the port of Cadiz, near Trafalgar peninsula they were ambushed by the Royal Navy fleet led by Admiral Horatio Nelson.

Amid this battle Admiral Nelson who was leading from flag ship HMS Victory suddenly fell shot by a French sniper perched ditiang screen warship Redoubtable, who was fighting at close range with HMS Victory.

French sniper firing of Admiral Nelson with only using locok rifle from a distance of 75 meters. Although the battle was won by the British Trafalgar, Admiral Nelson died of his injuries were very severe.

American Civil War (1861-1865)

May 9, 1864 At American Civil War Major General John Sedgwick of northern troops, was shot dead by Sergeant Grace of unity Infantry IV Georgia from a distance of 800 yards in Spotsylvania using British-made rifles Withworth match.

Death of General J. Sedgwick cause a delay of forward motion forces that led to the victory of the North South Confederate army leader General Robert E.Lee.

Boer War (1899-1902)

In a dawn attack on January 25, 1900 1,700 British troops backed cannons and machine guns feel managed to occupy one of the hills on mountain Spion Kop, South Africa. When the morning light illuminates the terrain, they realized that they had occupied the wrong hill.

The right hill located higher and still within 300m of their positions, unfortunately the hill is still occupied by Boer forces of unity Carolina Kommandos & Pretoria Kommandos who began shooting at them (the origin of the name of commandos drawn from the Boer forces). The next night the British troops were forced to retreat with the loss of 1,200 people.

The sniper Kommandos armed only with rifles Mauser M1895 7 mm caliber bolt action that can only be fired once per cock, kill British soldiers from a distance of 300 meters (without using a telescope).

1903

Learn from their defeat at Spion Kop, South Africa, Major Hesketh Pritchard of the British Empire AD launch the world's first sniper training course named: "The First Army School of Sniping, Observing and Scouting". Unfortunately AD United Kingdom do not use it well and do not have a doctrine, organization and special weapons for the snipernya until one day they were made aware by the German sniper.

1910

The term "Sniper" for the first time used as an official military term for sniper by the German Army. Creator of the sniper unit with standard qualifications, doctrine and organization as we know it today is the army of the German empire before World War 1.

Germany is precisely that for the first time created specifically for the sniper rifle, even they also made special bullets for the rifle.

Special sniper rifle is made by Mauser Gewehr 1898 (Gew.98) mm 7.92 mm caliber specialized in "tune up" to be very precise shot and fitted with telescope sight.

World War I (1914-1918)

The high casualties of British soldiers killed with a wound on the head or chest, made aware of the presence of the British Army sniper Germany; it forces them to find a way and act quickly to resolve this issue.

Lord Lovat, a Scottish nobleman who is also army officers immediately formed a regiment of the British Empire Lovat Scout's Sniper and they were the first to use Ghillie Suit (clothing used sniper so that they looked like a bush) in the war.

Ghillie Suit originally used by the rangers tasked Scotland catch the thieves and poachers of endangered species are protected in nature reserves Scottish government. The Scout Sniper is very adept at camouflage and very good in the lurking enemy troop movements, their shooting skills unfortunately underused by England.

Record the highest sniper in World War I is held by Francis Pegahmagabow of AD Canadians managed to kill 378 enemy soldiers. He uses Mk.3 Ross rifle caliber .303 (7.7 mm) and then Rifle 3 Mk. I caliber 7.7 mm.

Billy Sing (Australia)

Before World War 1, William Edward (Billy) Sing is a kangaroo hunt champion of Clermont, Queensland, Australia and in May 1914 he was one of the soldiers 5th Light Horse Regiment Australia who arrived in Gallipoli, Egypt, where the biggest battles between the Allies with Turkish troops in World War 1.

Billy and Ion "Jack" Idriess the observer occupies a small hill called Pos Chatam, this Dipos Billy's career as a top sniper built.

They both prepare all their needs before dawn and never leave their posts until the sunset. Thus in the afternoon there was no one gerakanpun seen in this post and its surroundings. Here, Billy and Jack with full patience motionless silence, until there are Turkish troops off guard.

Every day casualties Turkipun falling and this makes them fear the origin of sniper gunfire Australia TSB. never known. Billy the highest daily record up to 9 people in 1 day.

Turkish troops did not remain silent and immediately send a top snipernya nicknamed "Abdul the Terrible" (Abdul horrible) by Australian soldiers. Abdul a professional sniper army Turkey ever got star services directly from the Sultan of Turkey as his achievements.

Like a professional forensic expert, Abdul studied meticulously wound on each of those killed, examining the angle of incidence of bullets, interviewing witnesses and reconstruct the incident when the victim died. From his research he came to the conclusion that the enemy sniper fire came from a hill Post Chatam.

Exactly as was done by Billy, Abdul secretly hidden immediately create a special post to oversee the hill alone, ignoring the tempting targets passing in front of him.

One day Pratu Tom Sheehan (Billy observers at the time) was observed with a telescope stronghold of the Turkish army, suddenly "Dar" he was shot and the bullet entered right from the tip Abdul telescopenya, out of the base, continue to penetrate both hands, then entered the mouth of Tom and out of the left cheek and then pierce right dibahu Billy.

Due to the severe wounds Tom Sheehan directly sent back to Australia, he was lucky not being put on his telescope; while Billy had to rest for 1 week. Billy aware that a great opponent has found his hideout.

Once recovered from the wound right back to the post Chatam; days he and the observer simply sat watching area Turkish forces to seek the Abdul. One day at dawn began to shine, the observer whispered "no target"; Billy who immediately took the telescope, was surprised when he finds himself right see the face and the tip of the gun barrel Abdul.

Billy immediately took his rifle and took aim, at the same time Abdul was aiming his rifle, "Dar" Billy shoot faster and precise bullet lodged between the two eyes Abdul. Both top national sniper same mistakes, that "does not move after firing".

Abdul is a professional sniper who has prepared everything; Abdul died not long after, Turkey immediately fired cannon to post Chatam, unfortunately the first bullet fell exploded right upfront Billy hiding place. Billy and observers were running as fast as fast as the second bullet blew his post.

Billy uses Short Magazine Lee Enfield rifle (SMLE) 1 British-made Mark III .303 caliber (7.7 mm) and Abdul use Gewehr Mauser 1898 rifle caliber 7.92 mm. At the end of the war, the official record of Billy Sing Australia recognized AD: 150 enemy (201 people according to records Billy). Unfortunately there is not the slightest note of Abdul.

Alvin C .York (USA)

Allied forces in the invasion of the forest of Argonne-Meuse, Belgium 1918; forward movement 82 American Division stalled by many German machine gun nest.

Aware that their parent forces will not be able to go forward with a frontal invasion, platoon Corporal Alvin C.York decided to move rebound and finish stronghold German fortifications from behind. This movement is known by the German platoon who opened fire on them until all members of the platoon were injured or fall (except Alvin York itself).

Alone he continues to fight against the German forces, and at the end of the battle he managed to kill 25 opponents, silencing 35 machine guns and charming stronghold 132 German soldiers. Alvin York using the 1903 Springfield rifle caliber 30.06 (7.62 mm) and the Government Model 1911 pistol caliber .45

1930

2 sniper team tactics first adopted by AB USSR (Russia). Later this tactic proved to be more effective than one person sniper tactics, that when it is used by most developed countries lainnyaDalam organization of the Russian army, sniper unit is already an integral part of their infantry tactics and sniper unit was given considerable freedom in carrying out its own initiative alone ,

In the World War 2 daily units platoon and company level Russian snipers operate in large numbers.

World War II (1939 - 1945)

World War II was a great war that generate most of the record-breaking sniper spectacular that can not be solved again today. Of the 54 top snipers of World War II in recorded history, 49 of them shooting more than 100 enemy soldiers and six of them are women.

There are still many top sniper from various countries who were never recorded in the history of World War II, because the general activities of the snipers are included in the category of military secrets (unless for the sake of propaganda), plus the number of the documents were lost, destroyed by the war and damaged age.

For decades the lovers of military history and gun enthusiasts struggled to gather and verify on a variety of documents, data and stories of top snipers.

Although Finland holds the record for world's tallest sniper, snipers list of top World War II dominated by the Russian snipers. This is evidence that training, organization, tactics and strategy for the Russian sniper is more advanced than other countries at that time. Sniper and sniper famous action (not just the highest record) in this war include the following. :

Häyhä Simo (Finland)

Record the highest sniper in World War II is held by Simo Häyhä of AD Finland who managed to kill 542 Russians. The most amazing, Simo Häyhä fought only by using bolt action rifle Mosin-Nagant M39 Russian-made 7.62 mm caliber without a telescope and even sometimes he had to shoot enemies from a distance of more than 600 yards.

Simo is a champion shot which has an extensive collection of medals and trophies won on various games. Simo Häyhä died on 1 April 2002 at the age of 96 years ago.